| tiqujuexox | Дата: Вторник, 09.07.2013, 02:51 | Сообщение # 1 |
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Группа: Гости
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| famuyiyaos | Дата: Четверг, 22.01.2015, 04:15 | Сообщение # 2 |
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Группа: Гости
| Vancomycin INN /v??k??ma?s?n/ is a glycopeptide antibiotic worn in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin was maiden cloistered in 1953 at Eli Lilly, from a soil representation tranquil from the interior jungles of Borneo beside a missionary. It is a naturally occurring antibiotic made past the blacken bacterium Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis(formerly designated Nocardia orientalis). It is a complex chemical mix and an warning of a comparatively rare haloorganic reasonable combine, containing two covalently bonded chlorine atoms.
The unite was industrially produced by fermentation and fact the generic label vancomycin, derived from the call "vanquish." The native portent payment vancomycin was throughout the treatment ofpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a use kept alive in behalf of uncountable years sooner than the occurrence that augment had to be accustomed intravenously and that being so provided bacteria fewer opportunities to evolve intransigence, and the the poop indeed that organisms were somewhat slow to evolve to adapt to it, orderly in experiments.
As regards many years since its initial consume, vancomycin had traditionally been distant as a psychedelic of "model frequent" apposite to premature observations of its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as fount as its intravenous dosing requirements.[1 - Recently, to whatever manner, vancomycin resistant organisms are attractive common. So, vancomycin is increasingly being displaced from this position by newer antibiotics such as linezolid(Zyvox), daptomycin (Cubicin), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid).
Intelligence
Vancomycin was first cloistered in 1953 by Edmund Kornfeld (working at Eli Lilly) from a refuse sample composed from the private jungles of Borneo not later than a missionary.[2 - The being that produced it was in the end named Amycolatopsis orientalis.[3 - The aboriginal implication on vancomycin was for the treatment of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.[3 - [4 -
The go together was initially called compound 05865, but was when all is said prearranged the generic namevancomycin, derived from the length of time "vanquish".[3 - One benefit that was fast discernible is that staphylococci did not emerge substantive freedom fighters undeterred by serial verse in culture media containing vancomycin. The brisk development of penicillin partisans by staphylococci led to the mix's being fast-tracked for like before the Rations and Drug Delivery (FDA) in 1958. Eli Lilly first marketed vancomycin hydrochloride controlled by the patrons reputation Vancocin[4 - and as COVANC from Nucleus, India.[citation needed -
Vancomycin never became the first-line treatment for Staphylococcus aureus for a variety of reasons:
1. It possesses slipshod oral bioavailability; it requisite be accepted intravenously as a service to most infections.
2. β-Lactamase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillins such as methicillin (and its successors,nafcillin and cloxacillin) were afterward developed, which bear better vocation against non-MRSA staphylococci.
3. Inopportune trials old early impure forms of vancomycin ("Mississippi mire"), which were found to be toxic to the ears and to the kidneys;[5 - these findings led to vancomycin's being relegated to the state of a anaesthetize of form resort.[4 -
In 2004, Eli Lilly licensed Vancocin to ViroPharma in the U.S., Flynn Pharma in the UK, and Aspen Pharmacare in Australia. The obvious expired in the early 1980s; the FDA authorized the tag sale of diverse generic versions in the USA, including from manufacturers Bioniche Pharma, Baxter Healthcare, Sandoz, Akorn Strides and Hospira.[6 -
An uttered form of vancomycin was at first approved by the FDA in 1986 for the treatment of Clostridium difficile induced pseudomembranous colitis. It is not orally absorbed into the blood and remains in the gastrointestinal essay to eradicate C. difficile. This outcome is currently marketed by means of ViroPharmain the USA.[7 -
From http://www.fmyykj.com - suzhou pharmaceutical technology co.,ltd.
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